The EU-ETS has entered its fifth month of being applied to the shipping industry. During this period, it appears that some vessels that have called at EU ports have already submitted Emission Reports to charterers, which serve as the basis for settling emission allowances with the charterers.
The first step in proper settlement with the charterers is to create an accurate Emission Report. This article will provide information on emission factors for fuel.
Emission factors:
The quantity of EU Allowances (EUAs) depreciated according to the EU-ETS is based on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions documented in the Emission Reports prepared in accordance with the EU-MRV Regulation. GHG emissions are typically calculated by multiplying the emission factor by the weight of the fuel used on board.
The emission factors are specified in Annex I of the MRV Regulation.
HFO and LFO:
The EU-MRV defines HFO and LFO , both of which fall under residual oils, with the following CO2 emission factors:
HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil): Refers to grades RME to RMK in ISO8217. The CO2 emission factor is 3.114.
LFO (Light Fuel Oil): Refers to grades RMA to RMD in ISO8217. The CO2 emission factor is 3.151.
| Type of Fuel | Reference | Emission Factor(CO2) |
| HFO | ISO8217 Grades RME to RMK | 3.114 |
| LFO | ISO8217 Grades RMA to RMD | 3.151 |
Determining whether the supplied fuel is LFO or HFO can be done based on the viscosity classification in the ISO standards. If the viscosity is 80cSt or less, it is considered LFO, while anything above that is considered HFO. Please note that this determination is not based on sulfur contents. Another effective method is to confirm that the name of the fuel oil listed on the Bunker Delivery Note (BDN) aligns with the ISO8217 classification.
If the viscosity or the ISO classification is not stated on the BDN, it is recommended to consult the supplier (or charterer) for clarification. If uncertainties persist, consulting with a verifier is the most reliable approach.
Furthermore, if HFO, LFO, and MGO are mixed in one tank, it is advised to use the highest emission factor, as explained on DNV's website.
https://www.dnv.com/maritime/insights/topics/mrv/FAQs-EU-MRV/
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